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Race classification: Then and now

Patrick Laurence
28 January 2010

Patrick Laurence on how the old apartheid practice has endured into the new SA

The highly praised film Skin - which recalls the sad fate that befell that Laing family in the 1960s - offers South Africans a timely reminder of the cruelties of apartheid in general and of the iniquitous doctrine of racial classification in particular.

Sandra Laing was born to a conservative, apartheid and National Party supporting family in Piet Retief near South Africa's border with Swaziland. Instead of enjoying life as a young girl, she suffered the torments of rejection. Instead of bringing joy to her parents, she brought them anguish and shame through no fault of her own.

Unlike her parents, Sandra was dark-skinned and her hair crinkly instead of straight or wavy, probably because one or both of her parents had inherited Negroid as well as Caucasoid genes from one of their forebears. Sandra was mocked and ostracised at the local white school and, according to one account, eventually escorted out of the school by two policemen as if she was a common criminal.

Given her rejection by white children of her age, most of her childhood friends were black and later, when she was 15, she fled to Swaziland with a young black man. Had she lived in a British colony in an earlier age, she would have been said to "have gone native."

At the time of Sandra's birth in 1955, the ruling National Party was pressing ahead with its drive to classify all South African into one of four major racial categories: white, coloured, Asian and black. Race classification was hierarchical, with the opportunities accorded to white being substantially greater those which filtered down to blacks. Coloured and Indian occupied an intermediate position.

Infused with the ideological of apartheid, the National Party government of D F Malan sought to hermetically seal the designated races off from one another. It was an absurd as well as a cruel project. Viewed in context of the Immorality Act, which criminalised inter-racial sexual intercourse and international marriages, it is reminiscent of the Nuremberg laws of Nazi Germany.

The scholarly Wilmot James, who represented the Democratic Alliance in parliament, reckons that at least 10 % of those who were classified as white in the 1950s were white-looking coloureds who had moved into white areas and made friends with whites ahead of the implementation of the Population Registration Act.

On the same note it should be recorded that studies undertaken in the 1970s, summaries of which were published in the press, calculated that between 6 and 7 % of the gene pool of white South Africans was derived from their black and brown compatriots, though, of course, they were not evenly distributed in the white community as a whole.

The unequal distribution of these "alien" genes accounts for the snide remarks of white who thought themselves to be racially pure about their darker skinned racial kinsfolk having "a |touch of the tar brush."

But if it is salutary for whites in South Africa today to contemplate the evils of racial classification and the use of it to restrict the life chances of those consigned to the lower ranks of the racial hierarchy, the leadership of the ruling African National Congress should take cognisance of their own role in perpetuating a form of race classification.

President Jacob Zuma, like President Thabo Mbeki before him, is a strenuous proponent of "transformation," a vaguely defined policy objective which most South Africans understand and support as a constructive policy aimed at reconstructing South Africa as a free, open and non-racial society.

Unfortunately, however, it involves racial preferencing in favour of blacks through the policies of affirmative action and black empowerment as a means of redressing past discrimination against and oppression of black South Africans by previous white governments.

The difficulty is compounded by the steadfast refusal of the Mbeki and Zuma administrations either to set a deadline to its racial preferencing policy or, at the least, to exempt young whites who were grade one or two pupils when Nelson Mandela was released from prison in February of 1990 and who should not be held accountable for past injustices.

Racial preferencing policies self-evidently require racial classification in order to identify those who qualify for preferential treatment and those who do not. Thus post apartheid South Africa is characterised by a glaring anomaly: an ANC government that proudly proclaims its commitment to non-racialism while retaining a form of race classification and "positive" or "fair" discrimination in favour of blacks.

There is another even graver problem: the ANC's steadfast commitment to the doctrine of proportionality or represenitivity which seeks to ensure that the racial profile of government departments and private companies reflect the racial profile of the population as a whole.

Apart from leading to employment of people on the basis of skin colour rather than experience or qualifications, at the risk of administrative incompetence and, in extreme cases, even administrative collapse, there is an even graver objection.

Representivity or proportionality has an unfortunate history: it was used by the Nazis in German in the early years of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich to restrict the number of Jews in the legal, medical and teaching profession to the proportion they constituted of the German populations as a whole.

It is significant, too, that Hendrik Verwoerd, who was later to acquire notoriety as the "high priest of apartheid," advocated it use in South Africa in the 1930s to limit the number of Jews in he profession to their proportion of the population. His aim in doing so was to ensure that Afrikaners and their English-speaking compatriots were similarly representative in proportion to the numbers in the white population as a whole.

Black people were apparently not considered at all by Verwoerd in the 1930s, possibly because the number of black professional people was minute in those years. Later, when he became Prime Minister, he deployed a different rationale to restrict the number of black people, arguing that they should exercise their skills in their own areas and not in white-designated South Africa.

Whatever its theoretical justifications in South Africa, the doctrine of proportionality is a potentially pernicious doctrine open to abuse as a weapon to be wielded against minorities or selected minorities by the dominant majority.

Democracies are not merely characterised by majority rule and the holding of regular elections under clear and equitable rule. The defence of minority rights is an important and perhaps even indispensable distinguishing feature of democracy.

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 responses to this article

Humour of Flat Earthers who believe in Democracy..
Ai tog.. the idiotic ramblings of proponents of 'democracy'...

Like flat earthers, who have yet to hear the Galileo sanity of a constitutional republic, with educational voting restrictions.. they ramble on about 'democracy'.... what on earth . .more

by White Refugee on January 28 2010, 18:40
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and pass laws were bad......
The scales of justice will never balance in favor of true equality. The "new" South Africa is blindly focused on appearance, window dressing, unfortunately the reality the rest of the World works on economics. Where are the promised 190 000 police . .more

by Verni on January 29 2010, 00:46
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sad
The sad part is that this "racial preferencing" does not seem to be benefitting the majority of the very Black people it purports to represent.

by dumisani on January 29 2010, 02:17
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"still vote anc"
Allegiance is by and large along colour lines. The only alternative to voting for the anc is for there to be a viable competitor. There isn't one (which receives any media coverage). Young, moderate, middle class blacks who understand the gravy train . .more

by bergen on January 29 2010, 06:02
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Neo-apartheid
Apart from "transformation" being simply economic ethnic cleansing against whites, Zuma's ANC has played another race card as evidenced by his "100% Zulu" slogan and revival of archaic tribal customs and invoking a culture, some aspects of which only he . .more

by Theseus on January 29 2010, 07:05
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"Young, moderate, middle class blacks "
Unless they are "CONNECTED" they too will be shunned.
The best of these minds are emigrating, where they are appreciated.
Tyranny demands loyalty over "intelligence." Its counter-revolutionary !

by old, female on January 29 2010, 07:05
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Non-Racial
What is a non-racial society ? Are there any countries in the world which have a non-racial society ?

by Hugh on January 29 2010, 07:38
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race
I would love to see the ANC definition of "Coloured", which they use so freely.

by witbooi on January 29 2010, 07:58
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race issue
hating something that you cannot change or have no power over it ,its stupidity .No body chose to be black or white .

by sifiso mkize on January 29 2010, 08:08
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Stop hate speech and unite as Taxpayers
every time is read these blogs, I realize that there is pattern of extreme anger amongst whites which is slowly but surely transforming into hate. The ANC's failures are been attributed to the entire African race as opposed to a few elites who want to . .more

by Dza Vizionary on January 29 2010, 08:11
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Still left in the dark...
Most of you whites responding to this article obviously come from the apartheid generation, so we so-called Blacks can't do anything to help you. However, be very careful to infect your kids with this racial divide. It was indeed very necessary & still . .more

by Nonsense on January 29 2010, 08:12
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Tarred and Feathered
I seem to recall that the Prof who made that "Afrikaners have 7% coloured blood" declarator , was tarred and feathered .

Cant recall his name - perhaps Floors van Jaarsveld . For all the lightees who dont know of or understand the tarred and . .more

by Green Room on January 29 2010, 08:26
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Did anybody do a DNA test on Laing and her "father"?
"Unlike her parents, Sandra was dark-skinned and her hair crinkly instead of straight or wavy, probably because one or both of her parents had inherited Negroid as well as Caucasoid genes from one of their forebear"

OK, you can believe that, or . .more

by Afrikaner on January 29 2010, 08:27
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Outnumbering the whites: 20:1(or more if we include tourists that stayed)
And still cannot compete without laws.
This type of protectionism cannot last.
There are not enough white people left in SA to protect it from the Chinese and Indians who unlike SA have spent the last 20 years educating their populations.
The . .more

by Fred on January 29 2010, 08:35
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The big question
The laws that were used to determine what race people are, were abolished 20 years ago. So if a white skinned South African decides that he is "Black" and therefore eligible for lovely BEE deals, I don't see how anyone can legally challenge . .more

by Sad Days on January 29 2010, 08:41
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Apartheid - Transformation - Apart-hate
As a white small business I am stuffed and struggle to get contracts with other big business because of the lack of BEE credentials. Fact is I can not afford to have a BEE partner. Every potential BEE partner claims he knows someone of importance in . .more

by Businessman on January 29 2010, 08:46
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True
Well written. Grew up on the streets of yeoville as a poor white. Had they educated me properly I could have written same! Set a date for true freedom and lets move on.

by kerri on January 29 2010, 08:57
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DNA Test
Oh. Right. Gosh you're so smart! A DNA test in 1955. Now why didn't they think of that? (Must be because they have a love for "dark chocolate").

Educate yourself, man. DNA test hardly existed before the 1980's.

by @ Afrikaner on January 29 2010, 08:57
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BLACKS WILL CONTINUE 2 PROVIDE LEADERSHIP
IF THE WAS NO AFFEMATIVE ACTION,THEN WE WOULD HAVE EXPIRIENCED THE KILLING AND THE TOTAL ERADICATION OF THE WHITES IN SA LIKE MOZAMBIQUE.U MUST B GREATFULL TO MANDELA.

by QABANE on January 29 2010, 09:02
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We do not need slave masters
Dza Vizionary I agree with you, anger and hatreds directed towards blacks in this block is becoming irritating. Hatred for black does not allow otherl people see the real problem, for them the problem is a black person , for them we were meant to be . .more

by South African on January 29 2010, 09:03
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The policy of racial representivity IS pernicious
"Racial representivity" is not "potentially" pernicious as a policy, it IS pernicious. What may arguably be an OUTCOME or symptom of absolute equality is now disingenuously used to pretend it implies equality.

It's almost like taking a corpse and . .more

by flebus on January 29 2010, 09:14
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It is up to all of us.
We all need to unite for a better South Africa. For those who cares, this is our country . We have to make this country work fo us and our children. The greedy individuals in power should be taken to task.
The reason why ANC still wins the . .more

by South African on January 29 2010, 09:26
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Racism
Thabo Mbeki and Verwoerd, two sides of the same cion, the only difference being that Thabo Mbeki was operating under a Constitution which proclaimed non-racialism as a founding principle.

Mbeki chose to ignore that, and gave vent to his racial . .more

by flebus on January 29 2010, 09:29
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@D*******
Get lost - you're an idiot!

What does D******* stand for anyway - D*******?

by Reality Check on January 29 2010, 09:36
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Immorality act = Nuremberg similarity !..
No wonder this place is such a mess and the black youth spend their time raping murdering and pillaging, when an article like this likens our previous laws to Nazi-ism.
Its this kind of drivel that ignorant useless 'liberals' and militant, hopeless . .more

by Voortrekker on January 29 2010, 09:42
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According to some scientists it takes up to 50,000 years to have micro gene changes
So given that every race group has different genes somewhere along the line then it is fair to say that changes as per Darwin and survival of the fittest or evolution can take a very very long time. This means that if people say all humans must behave the . .more

by Realist on January 29 2010, 09:47
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Tired
Come on guys lets get serious without being overly sensitive. The imbalances of the past need to be redressed and it is not going to take 16 years it will take longer. My personal experience as a black man is that, yes there are EE posts etc. however if . .more

by Eeish!!! on January 29 2010, 09:50
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@ sad days
You are spot on -we must force the ANC racists to use these humiliating tests to "prove" ones race. I tell everyone I'm black -why not? If you dont like it then prove otherwise and I will contest those results in court. It always amuses me that the child . .more

by Pikswaart Booi on January 29 2010, 09:52
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The "Previously" Advantaged
As a German who stays in South Africa most of the year since 1996 I have to say that 90% of the european rooted former suppressors have a total racist attitude.I am largely integrated into their daily talks and comments. SHOCKING! These people who hold up . .more

by Roland GERMANY on January 29 2010, 09:59
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@ DNA test
I don't think Afrikaner needs education, but you do.Try reading his post again.
Oh, and in case, (as is so often the case these days,) you are mathematically challenged ;- born 1955,- DNA technology say 1985,-her age therefore =30 when DNA available. . .more

by Voortrekker on January 29 2010, 10:11
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@Businessman - the solution
Be the guinea pig - tell the powers that be that YOU are "black" and are therefore BEE compliant - they have no way of legally proving that you are not because the laws that determine such things have long been abolished ... so problem solved. . .more

by Sad Days on January 29 2010, 10:35
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Obsolete argument that cannot reach society at large
If you want to convince society then you need better adapt a better communication strategy. This piece is penned in the same style as the 50's and will not reach a younger audience. The older audience are immune to changing their habits and . .more

by Bemused on January 29 2010, 10:41
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Comments above
It amazes me how arrogant most of the Whie comments are above. The fact that Blacks were severely robbed of basic human rights for centuries means nothing to them (WhIte SA). All they care for is the petty argument of affirmative action because it affects . .more

by Pops on January 29 2010, 10:43
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Disgusting White racism!
Thanks "Roland GERMANY" for your input. I am really appalled at the comments, but largely unsurprised as this kind of racial battering from white South Africans is standard fare online.

White South Africans refuse to acknowledge that apartheid . .more

by Charles on January 29 2010, 11:14
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@Voortrekker
Homo Sapiens = Mankind, all of them, white to black. Cross species breeding is naturally prevented. The Imorality act was just what it said. Immoral!

by Nic on January 29 2010, 11:16
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Pop - sickle
Pops, Just use your head for a moment. Why do you think that "white people" still appear to have a form of rascism lurking within them. Ill tell you.... because just about everything you touch turns to s hit. Look around you... we get upset with you . .more

by Todd on January 29 2010, 11:16
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To all the stupid racists
All those who don't like the current status quo can go back to where they or their grandparents come from. This is Africa and we love it. Black rule or no rule. This country cannot afford a powerful minority anymore. Those who love Africa and believe in . .more

by African Man on January 29 2010, 11:29
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How long is it going to take to change
Lets us face it guys, we are a rasist country shii. I still think there are people who need to migrate, really we do not need them.
They do not belong here, this is Africa , they have no solution and have nothing good to say ,why are they still . .more

by South African on January 29 2010, 11:43
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And Hillbrow, Yeoville and Orange Grove.........
were great suburbs to live in - not the decaying supperating slums the are today.
Johannesburg was a vibrant city - not the steel shuttered slum it is today masquerading as a "World Class City". The Joburg Gen along with groote Schuur was one of the . .more

by Torte on January 29 2010, 11:51
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@Pops
Apartheid was a policy for 40 years - it has not existed for at least 20 years. How long do you need before you stop acting like a victim ?

Most of the squatter camps were formed under ANC rule.

The unemployment, the crime, the . .more

by Sad Days on January 29 2010, 11:54
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Sorry Todd
hello todd, you are blinded by senseless generalization. could you please specify who you mean with "the whites"??? and white controlled country? is poland white? russia? was hitler? or charles manson??
and has that been like that forever?? is it . .more

by Roland GERMANY on January 29 2010, 12:03
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Charlie charlie
White people have succedded whereever they went around the world. They did not need apartheid to be sucessful. White people around the world generally live high class opulent lives because they have used their brains and have entreprenerial and . .more

by Todd on January 29 2010, 12:19
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@roland german
It is interesting that your statistics are rounded off to 90%.That means that you have spoken to a few million whites since 1996.Interesting.Let me remind you that Germany's colonial history was extremely violent and brutal and that Namibia still . .more

by native on January 29 2010, 12:39
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Comments
I am as disturbed as my fellow citizens at the naive,arrogant and misinformed vitriol we are subjected to on this site.Though I am sure that this a a small cross section of the
population, it is disturbing to observe the reluctance on behalf of the . .more

by RT on January 29 2010, 12:52
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To Charlie
Charlie white people have used slaves all over the world. Does that make them better people.




by South African on January 29 2010, 14:09
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And what about our CHILDREN?
Does 'transformation' benefit the 20million children in this country. Does AA/BEE help these non-voting children access better education? Does it improve their home environments? Does it ensure them a sustainable, DEBT-FREE future?

According to . .more

by Saffer on January 29 2010, 16:08
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@Roland German
I find it rather ironic that we have a German telling white South Africans that their are basically racist and fascist.
In the nineteenth century the white poor of Britain were as much slaves as were the black people. Read some British social history . .more

by Jeff on January 29 2010, 18:01
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@Pops
Your comment is quite interesting.I believe that most whites appreciate the need for actions to redress the imbalances of the past. AA was a necessary evil (it is by definition racist but is allowed by our constitution as it is in a good cause). The . .more

by Wiseman on January 29 2010, 18:38
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Whos best?
Under the nazis the average lifespan of all Germans and particularly jews was lowered
Under NAT apartheid the average lifespan of all South Africans and particularly blacks was raised
Under the ANC the average lifespan of all South . .more . .more

by andrewa on January 29 2010, 19:53
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Whos best?
Apartheid
ANC

If you measure it by lifespan then Apartheid was better for ALL South Africans (if you measure it by dignity and stupidity then it wasn't)

by andrewa on January 29 2010, 19:55
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Racist whites please leave - grass is whiter on the other side...
SA whites must realise that their race based PRIVILEGES were taken away, not their RIGHTS. Black people have RIGHTS today. These racist whites bemoan the fact that privileges -based on their skin colour has been taken away... agh shame. More BEE and more . .more

by C-Biscuit on January 29 2010, 20:41
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@-C-Biscuit
Yessir! Black people have RIGHTS today! Yay!

Pity that your 'rights' are harming your children and sabotaging their futures.

by Safffer on January 30 2010, 17:07
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good-bad. white-black. RESTRICTED VIEWS OF INTOLERANT PEOPLE
If you talk about NAZI Germany, you should not GENERALIZE (thats what the european privileged apartheid gainers love...and NEED to be able to live with their apartheid past!!)
If you were able to diversify the aspects of history you might be able to . .more

by Roland GERMANY on January 30 2010, 18:38
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@Voortrekker, Afrikaner
Go start an old fart AWB / KP / FF / KKK / Neo-Nazi Facebook groupie to spew your vitreol. The racial superiority your Oupa said you had clearly ended with you judging by your narrow-minded "arguments". Sad that mainly racist activists and extremists . .more

by Francois on January 30 2010, 23:25
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Orania
Orania: It's called New Zeeland / Australia. Haleluja - Aus is being stocked with our bran(d)y bunch - worse class than the first whites to inhabit Aus (criminals). Todd, Afrikaner & Voortrekker, go shaaag a sheep to enhance your gene pool. BTW, I am also . .more

by Francois on January 30 2010, 23:39
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@Sad Days
Well said. It is all about ANC corruption and incompetence.

by YS on January 31 2010, 19:17
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@ Francois
Is it better now , do your white kids get jobs , you are a stupid man .

what has the African ever invented of note .

So my friend sleep well .

by D******* on January 31 2010, 23:31
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@ C- Biscuit ( the wany beee race hourse )
uneducated , lazy and stupid , WELL MY FRIEND THAT IS YOU .

WHEN THE WHITES / TRIBE ARRIVED THEY TAUGHT YOU DUMB P***** TO READ AND WRITE AND TO WIPE YOUR A RSE WITH PAPER AND WASH AFTERWARD .

YOU STUPID MAN , YOU READ AND WRITE , . .more

by D******* on January 31 2010, 23:40
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@Diligaf
Diligaf (D*****), unfortunately for you your inability to spell, reason, type, open your mind etc gave you away. Let me guess: You are also short, failed in marriage & average in every other way, yet you think you are superior and part of a superior race.

by Francois on February 01 2010, 00:15
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@D*****f
Unfortunately your speling, typing, inability to reason, narrow-minded superiority complex and time of night on-line gave you away. I see MW automatically blocked all comments with mention of your name - no surprise there - so I won't mention your name . .more

by Francois on February 01 2010, 00:27
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Francois
speling , YOU MEANT SPELLING

by D*****F on February 01 2010, 01:05
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D******f
or is it Defunk , as in d****f !

by Francois on February 01 2010, 01:08
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Francois
Speling ! You meant , SPELLING .

by D*******f on February 01 2010, 01:35
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@ D...
D must stand for dumb a s s ......the one who is a direct decendent of the great inventors. Guess, this apple fell too far from the tree....suspect some foul play here.

by KK on February 01 2010, 12:13
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look at the scoreboard
SAA, Telkom, Escom, Railway (whats that) , Air Ports Co, all the municipalities, etc etc etc

by Africa on February 12 2010, 09:02
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@Roland
F-off, Nazi idiot.

by Koos on February 12 2010, 16:43
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Transformation
No system is perfect. It is an unfortunate fact that transformation has benefited to few people in this country but that does not mean that it should be abolished.

It is also a fact that there population of this country is only 10% or less white . .more

by Jabu on February 28 2010, 20:20
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